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To investigate the γ pass rate limit of plan verification equipment for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan verification and its sensitivity on the opening and closing errors of multi-leaf collimator (MLC), 50 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma VMAT plan with clockwise and counterclockwise full arcs were randomly selected. Eight kinds of MLC opening and closing errors were introduced in 10 cases of them, and 80 plans with errors were generated. Firstly, the plan verification was conducted in the form of field-by-field measurement and true composite measurement. The γ analysis with the criteria of 3% dose difference, distance to agreement of 2 mm, 10% dose threshold, and absolute dose global normalized conditions were performed for these fields. Then gradient analysis was used to investigate the sensitivity of field-by-field measurement and true composite measurement on MLC opening and closing errors, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to investigate the optimal threshold of γ pass rate for identifying errors. Tolerance limits and action limits for γ pass rates were calculated using statistical process control (SPC) method for another 40 cases. The error identification ability using the tolerance limit calculated by SPC method and the universal tolerance limit (95%) were compared with using the optimal threshold of ROC. The results show that for the true composite measurement, the clockwise arc and the counterclockwise arc, the descent gradients of the γ passing rate with per millimeter MLC opening error are 10.61%, 7.62% and 6.66%, respectively, and the descent gradients with per millimeter MLC closing error are 9.75%, 7.36% and 6.37%, respectively. The optimal thresholds obtained by the ROC method are 99.35%, 97.95% and 98.25%, respectively, and the tolerance limits obtained by the SPC method are 98.98%, 97.74% and 98.62%, respectively. The tolerance limit calculated by SPC method is close to the optimal threshold of ROC, both of which could identify all errors of ±2 mm, while the universal tolerance limit can only partially identify them, indicating that the universal tolerance limit is not sensitive on some large errors. Therefore, considering the factors such as ease of use and accuracy, it is suggested to use the true composite measurement in clinical practice, and to formulate tolerance limits and action limits suitable for the actual process of the institution based on the SPC method. In conclusion, it is expected that the results of this study can provide some references for institutions to optimize the radiotherapy plan verification process, set appropriate pass rate limit, and promote the standardization of plan verification.
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Humanos , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada , Tolerancia Inmunológica , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Curva ROC , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/radioterapiaRESUMEN
Objective@#To investigate an effect on speech recognition after bilateral cochlear implants(CI) simultaneously.@*Methods@#Nine subjects who underwent bilateral CI operation simultaneously in Peking Union Hospital in 2007 were assigned as bilateral group, another 9 subjects with unilateral CI were chosen as unilateral group according to the age, gender, duration of deafness. Hearing threshold, speech recognition of phrases, disyllabic words, single word in quiet and noise environment were calculated, respectively. Three different sound source positions were set up to simulate the three effects of binaural hearing (head shadow, binaural redundancy and binaural squelch) in noise environment. The speech signal intensity was 70 dBSPL, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) was 0 dB, + 4 dB, + 8 dB, and the speech recognition of phrases were examined in bilateral CI group. All the data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software.@*Results@#In quiet environment, the average aid-hearing threshold was significantly reduced as (7.2±3.0)dB in bilateral CI group compared to unilateral CI group(P<0.05). However, the speech recognition of phrases, disyllabic words, and single word in quiet and noise environment did not show significant differences between bilateral CI and unilateral CI groups (P>0.05). In the testing under noise environment, the speech recognition of bilateral CI group was significantly higher than that of unilateral CI group (P<0.05). In the estimation of noise environment (SNR=+ 8), the phrase test and speech recognition of head shadow model in bilateral groups were significantly better than that of unilateral group (P<0.01). Further, bilateral CI group showed statistical significances in binaural redundancy and binaural squelch models(P<0.01), there was statistically significant were also found difference between two groups (P<0.01); Bilateral CI group did not reveal significant difference compared with unbilateral CI group in binaural squelch model(P>0.05). Under different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR=+ 8, + 4) noise environment, all the three given models in bilateral CI group show higher signal-to-noise ratio, higher speech recognition rate (Independent-Samples t test, P<0.01). In addition, head shadow model presented negative influences on speech recognition rate compared with binaural redundancy and binaural squelch model by SNR(P<0.05). SNR influences on binaural redundancy and binaural squelch model were almost identical, F=0.371, P=0.549.@*Conclusion@#The subjects who underwent simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation could significantly reduce aid-hearing threshold, and greatly improve the speech recognition of phrases, disyllabic words, and single word under noise environment.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the CT classification of the lamina papyracea ingression and its significance. METHODS Data of computed tomography(CT) were analyzed retrospectively in 928 patients with nasal symptoms in out-patient department of Huairou Hospital from April 2017 to September 2017. All data were analyzed predicatively to observe the prevalence of lamina papyracea ingression. RESULTS The probability of lamina papyracea ingression in this group was 6.03％(112/1856). The lamina papyracea ingression were divided into four types on the basis of the coronal CT: upper medial rectus type, medial rectus type, under medial rectus type and generalized type. There was no difference in the incidence between the under medial rectus type and the extensive type(P=1.00), there were significant differences in the incidence of the remaining types(P=0.00). CONCLUSION In this study, the classification of the lamina papyracea ingression on coronal CT is helpful to understand lamina papyracea ingression better and reduce the intraorbital complicatians of endoscopic sinus surgery.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between benign paroxysmal positional dizziness (BPPV) and cerebrovascular disease and to promotethe practice of evidence bases medicinein thediagnosis,treatment and recurrenceprevention of BPPV in the elderly.Methods A total of 80 elderly patients were consecutively recruited from the Dizziness Outpatient Clinic from January 2013 to June,2014,with 80 non-BPPV elderly individuals receiving routine physical checkups during the same period serving as the control group.Clinical characteristics,lab test results and imaging data were compared between the two groups.Single factor and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for BPPV in the elderly.Results The experimental group showed higher rates of lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis and intracranial artery stenosis than the control group(x2 =10.180,4.606 and 3.956,respectively;P=0.001,0.032 and 0.047,respectively).The prevalences of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes were higher in the BPPV group than in the control group(x2 5.013 and 6.041,respectively;P=0.025 and 0.014,respectively).Differences in number of carotid atherosclerotic plaque cases,total cholesterol,triglyceride,homocysteine and uric were found between the two groups (x2 =11.237,t=2.862,2.230 and 4.270,respectively;P=0.001,0.005,0.027 and 0.000,respectively).Multivariate logistic regression analysisfound that blood uric acid,hyperglycemia,type 2 diabetes and hypertension were independent risk factors for BPPV (OR=1.006,7.104,3.152 and 3.273,respectively;P=0.005,0.000,0.004 and 0.002,respectively).The existence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques also increased the risk of BPPV (OR =384.570,95 ％ CI:46.935～ 3151.055,P =0.000).Conclusions BPPV in the elderlyis closely associated with cerebrovascular disease and its risk factors.Therefore,it is of great clinical significance to assess cerebrovascular function and carotid atherosclerotic plaque development for improved prognosis and effective prevention of recurrence of BPPV in the elderly.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between benign paroxysmal positional dizziness (BPPV) and cerebrovascular disease and to promotethe practice of evidence bases medicinein thediagnosis,treatment and recurrenceprevention of BPPV in the elderly.Methods A total of 80 elderly patients were consecutively recruited from the Dizziness Outpatient Clinic from January 2013 to June,2014,with 80 non-BPPV elderly individuals receiving routine physical checkups during the same period serving as the control group.Clinical characteristics,lab test results and imaging data were compared between the two groups.Single factor and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for BPPV in the elderly.Results The experimental group showed higher rates of lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis and intracranial artery stenosis than the control group(x2 =10.180,4.606 and 3.956,respectively;P=0.001,0.032 and 0.047,respectively).The prevalences of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes were higher in the BPPV group than in the control group(x2 5.013 and 6.041,respectively;P=0.025 and 0.014,respectively).Differences in number of carotid atherosclerotic plaque cases,total cholesterol,triglyceride,homocysteine and uric were found between the two groups (x2 =11.237,t=2.862,2.230 and 4.270,respectively;P=0.001,0.005,0.027 and 0.000,respectively).Multivariate logistic regression analysisfound that blood uric acid,hyperglycemia,type 2 diabetes and hypertension were independent risk factors for BPPV (OR=1.006,7.104,3.152 and 3.273,respectively;P=0.005,0.000,0.004 and 0.002,respectively).The existence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques also increased the risk of BPPV (OR =384.570,95 ％ CI:46.935～ 3151.055,P =0.000).Conclusions BPPV in the elderlyis closely associated with cerebrovascular disease and its risk factors.Therefore,it is of great clinical significance to assess cerebrovascular function and carotid atherosclerotic plaque development for improved prognosis and effective prevention of recurrence of BPPV in the elderly.
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Objective@#To evaluate the feasibility of modified test system for sound localization (SL) in children.@*Methods@#Modified system (6 male, 9 female) and traditional method ( 5 male, 5 female) were used for evaluation of minimum audible angle(MAA) and root-mean-square error(RMS) error of 4 to 6 years old children, and the results were compared to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the modified test system for children sound localization.SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data(t test).@*Results@#(1) Comparison of veracity of modified system and traditional test: when tested at the positive front position using modified system, MAA and RMS error were(3.23±1.00)° and (13.68±5.18)° respectively.When using traditional method, MAA and RMS error were(3.17±0.59)°and (13.96±4.56)° respectively. No statistical differences were found between two groups(t value was 0.16, -0.14, both P>0.05). (2) Comparison of time used were as followed: when using modified system, it was (14.67±1.95) min for MAA, and (6.67±1.35) min for RMS error. When using traditional method, it was (36.30±6.81) min for MAA, and (21.00±3.50) min for RMS error. Time used were significant shorter in modified system than in traditional method (t value was-9.78, -12.37, both P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Modified test system for children sound localization is useful and reliable in children′s horizontal SL test.The time used of modified test system is shorter than that of traditional test system.
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In patients with single-sided deafness (SSD), the interaural time difference and the interaural level difference signals are insufficient or missing, which result in the lack of sound localization ability and the decrease of speech comprehension in the noise environments. SSD can also cause the morphological and functional changes of the central auditory system, resulting in auditory deprivation. In early stage of the development, the auditory center is more susceptible to ambient environment and auditory inputs. It is a critical period of auditory function and morphological refinement. It is also sensitive period of central adaptability after auditory deprivation. SSD in the sensitive period of development can cause significant laterality activities of bilateral sound localization pathway. Unilateral auditory deprivation can distort tonotopic maps, disrupt the binaural integration, reorganize the neural network and change the synaptic transmission in the primary auditory cortex or sub cortex. In order to compensate for the deficiency of the interaural time difference and interaural level difference cues, the auditory pathway is used to improve the ability of sound source localization by using the spectral-shape cues remaining unchanged. In order to improve the effectiveness of the functional areas of the cortex, auditory center is also reorganized by cross-modal. However, central compensation after SSD is a double-edged sword. If SSD onset in the sensitive period, the laterality of auditory pathway will be continued and difficult to reverse by even long term bilateral hearing in the post-sensitive period. Therefore, in order to improve the understanding of the characteristics of unilateral auditory deprivation, this paper reviewed the evidence for adaptive changes in spatial hearing following a developmental hearing loss in one ear.
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Objective To investigate the effects of aging on the brain stem speech encoding in spontaneous post-menopause women.Methods There were twenty post-menopause women with normal hearing for test and twenty ovariectomized women with normal hearing for contrast.Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) was used.The speech syllable /da/ as stimulus sound was transmitted to right ear by the insert earphones in speech-ABR test.Results Response waves of speech-ABR in ovariectomized women were similar to those in post-menopause women, which contained the onset response (peak V and A), the transition (peak C), the frequency following responses (peak D, E and F) and the offset response (peak O).The characteristics of speech-ABR's peak latency and magnitude were similar between the two groups.Except that the bilateral ovariectomized women had a shorter latency of waves O for the transient response (P0.05).After the combination of ovariectomized women and post-menopause women, the age of these subjects was positively correlated with the latency of O wave (P<0.05).Others had no correlation with age in the amplitude and latency of the waves of speech-ABR.Conclusion Aging does not affect on brain stem speech encoding in spontaneous post-menopause women.
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Objective To study the relationship between the cognitive function and speech recognition ability in young patients with OSAHS.Methods We selected 60 young male patients,according to the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)and the severity of hypoxemia.They were divided into three subgroups on the basis of their syndrome severities:mild group (n= 19;AHI 5~15/h,85%≤minimum SaO2≤90%),moderate group (n= 20;AHI>15~30/h,80%≤minimum SaO230/h,minimum SaO2<80%).First,we used the MoCA scale for cognitive function tests and recorded the scores.Then 15 lists of sentence Mandarin Speech Test Materials(MSTMs)were utilized to test each group.A data analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results The total MoCA scores(mild group:27.32±1.16;moderate group:25.85±1.23;severe group:24.52± 1.69;control group:28.52 ±1.16)decreased progressively as the disease severity increased,showing significant differences between the control group and the mild,moderate and severe groups of OSAHS patients (allP<0.05). When sound stimuli were presented at 22,24,and 26 dB SPL,the speech recognition rates in the patients with se-vere(35.4±22.6,56.3±23.9,75.2±16.5)lower than the other groups (mild group:38.4±23.5,58.3±25.5,79.2 ±18.5;moderate group:38.8±21.6,58.7±22.7,78.5±16.7;control group:39.4±23.5,60.3±24.3,80.2±16.4, respectively,allP<0.05).The differences in intensity of 50% recognition rate between the severe group(4.15± 0.80)and the control(3.62±0.41),mild (3.66±0.50)and moderate groups(3.72±0.55)of OSAHS patients were statistically significant(allP<0.05).Conclusion With hypoxia and disease severity increased,speech recogni-tion abilities in OSAHS patients decreased.This may be an important factor associated with cognitive assessment scale score.
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Objective To explore a method of detecting the horizontal localization ability in normal children aged 1~3 years old, and to obtain the minimum audible angle (MAA) at horizontal 0° degree in these children.Methods Using minimum audible angle measure procedure on the basis of conditioned play audiometry and behavioral audiometry methods, sound localization test at horizontal 0° degree was conducted in 37 children aged from 1 to 7 years old with stimulus of different frequencies.Results All 37 children completed the 1 000 Hz tests, 35 children completed the 500 Hz tests, and 30 children completed the 4 000 Hz test.An analysis of 30 children who completed all the tests was performed, 15 of them aged 1~3 years old and the rest aged 4~7 years old.The results for children aged 1~3 years old were as below: 1 000 Hz MAA(0°) =3.57°±1.35°,500 Hz MAA(0°) =5.03°±2.96°,and 4 000 Hz MAA(0°) =5.4°±2.86°, respectively.The results for children aged 4~7 years old were as below: 1 000 Hz MAA(0°) =3.56°±1.48°,500 Hz MAA(0°) =3.5°±2.17°,and 4 000 Hz MAA(0°) =6.13°±4.09°, respectively.There was no significant difference in MAA (0 °) at corresponding frequencies between the two groups.For the children aged 1~3 years old, there was no significant difference in MAA (0 °) among 500 Hz, 1 000 Hz and 4 000 Hz frequencies.For the children aged 4~7 years old, there was significant difference in MAA(0 °) between 500 Hz and 4 000 Hz as well as between 1 000 Hz and 4 000 Hz frequencies.However, there was no significant difference in MAA (0 °) between 500 Hz and 1 000 Hz frequencies.Conclusion MAA test procedure on the basis of conditioned behavioral audiometry and play audiometry could be used to evaluate the ability of sound localization in 1~3 years old children.The frequencies may have effects on children''s sound localization test results and there was no significant difference in MAA (0 °) between the 1~3 years old group and the 4~7 years age group.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between reproductive hormone concentration and the amplitude and latency of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) in young adults, and to explore the effects of reproductive hormone on the speech processing ability of young people.Methods Speech-ABR of thirty five normal hearing young adults, including seventeen females (27.29±1.83 years old) and eighteen males (28.17±2.50 years old) were recorded.The speech syllable /da/ was transmitted as a stimulus sound to the right ears through insert earphones in speech-ABR test.All participants had air conduction hearing thresholds of 20 dB HL or better across the standard audiometric frequencies (250~8 000 Hz) in both ears, and click-ABRs were also within normal limits.At the same time, the concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in the serum were examined.Results ① Females had a shorter latency than males in transient responses (waves V, A and O) and sustained responses (waves D, E and F) of speech-ABR (P0.05).The V/A slope in females was significantly steeper than that in males (P0.05), and the correlation between wave E and wave F and total testosterone concentration was weakly correlated (P0.05).Conclusion There are correlations between the level of reproductive hormone and the amplitude and latency of speech-ABR.It is one of the reasons for the gender difference in the brainstem speech coding ability of normal young adult.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze clinical features with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and discuss the attentions in the canalith repositioning procedures.@*METHOD@#A total of 76 male and female patients aged 80 and over with BPPV (elderly group) and 76 patients aged 60-65 years old with BPPV (older group) was retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULT@#(1)Semicircular canal condition: in elderly group, posterior semicircular canal was involved in 72 cases, whereas the horizontal semicircular 4 cases. In older group, posterior semicircular canal was involved in 70 cases, whereas the horizontal semicircular and multiple canals in 5 cases and 1 case respectively. (2) Precipitating factors: precipitating factors of elderly were variety. Its closely related with emotion, infection, seasonal alternation surgery, and trauma. There were significant differences between the two groups (P0. 05). (5) The elderly always accompanied with other medical condition and had risk factors of cerebrovascular disease. The efficacy was not associated with the complication(P>0.05). However, it was most likely to overtreatment caused by emphasizing other medical conditions treatment. BPPV was easy to ignore and misdiagnose, meanwhile, delayed the diagnosis and increased the medical costs. (6) Many elderly were accompanied cervical spondylosis, lumbar spondylosis body stiffness and fear of vertigo which increased the difficulty of repositioning treatment. (7) Recurrence: we followed up 2 years after treatment. In older group, 11 patients (14. 5%)were relapsed. In elderly group, 29 patients (38. 2%) relapsed. There were significant differences between the two groups (P<0. 05).@*CONCLUSION@#There are various precipitating factors in elderly patients with BPPV, the most frequent precipitating factors were related to psychological factor and overfatigue. The symptoms of the patients attack BPPV was always mask with other diseases, but do not impact on the efficacy of Canalith repositioning at the first time; Even the efficacy of repositioning is poor at the first time, it's effective and safety after multiple treatments of repositioning; It prolonged the symptoms including carenaria, dizziness and nausea after treatment.
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Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Vértigo Posicional Paroxístico Benigno , Diagnóstico , Psicología , Terapéutica , Mareo , Emociones , Máscaras , Posicionamiento del Paciente , Métodos , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Canales Semicirculares , Espondilosis , VértigoRESUMEN
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the basic characters of the speech - evoked audi‐tory brainstem response (speech - ABR) in healthy young women with that in post - menopause women and to get the changes of the probable factors for the auditory brainstem pathway encoding of speech sounds in healthy post -menopause women .Methods Speech - ABR of forty - seven normal hearing subjects including twenty - seven young women and twenty post - menopause women were recorded .The speech syllable /da/ as stimulus sound was trans‐mited to right ear by the insert earphones in speech - ABR test .Results The response waves of speech - ABR in post - menopause women were similar to those in young women ,which containal the onset responses (peak V and A) ,the transition (peak C) ,the frequency following responses (peak D ,E and F) and the offset response (peak O) .Except wave C ,the latency of wave V (6 .99 ± 0 .34ms) ,wave A (8 .32 ± 0 .49 ms) and wave O (48 .86 ± 0 .50 ms) in post - menopause women were evidently longer than those of in young women (the waveV :6 .60 ± 0 .25 ms ,wave A :7 .56 ± 0 .31 ms and wave O :47 .88 ± 0 .31 ms) ,while the amplitude of wave A ( - 0 .16 ± 0 .06 μV ) and O ( - 0 .12 ± 0 .06 μV ) in post - menopause women were obviously lower (modulus) than those of in young women (the wave A : - 0 .27 ± 0 .08 μV and O : - 0 .18 ± 0 .07 μV)(P< 0 .05) .In the FFR of speech - ABR ,the latency of wave D (23 .27 ± 0 .67 ms) ,wave E (31 .88 ± 0 .58 ms) and F (40 .61 ± 1 .22 ms) in post - menopause women were also longer than those of in young women (the wave D :22 .40 ± 0 .44 ms ,wave E :31 .00 ± 0 .43 ms and F :39 .53 ± 0 .61 ms) .Besides ,the amplitudes of wave D ( - 0 .12 ± 0 .04 μV ) and F ( - 0 .08 ± 0 .06 μV ) in post -menopause women were visibly lower (modulus) than those of in young women (the wave D : - 0 .17 ± 0 .08 μV and F : - 0 .16 ± 0 .07 μV)(P< 0 .05) . ④ The V /A slope also showed very significant difference ,the V/A slope in young women was much bigger than that in post - menopause women (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The synchronism and phase locking of auditory brainstem pathway to processing and encoding capability in healthy post - menopause women is poorer than those of in young women .It may suggest that the growth of the age and the decrease of hor‐mone will weaken the ability to processing of speech sounds in women .
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Objective To explore whether the changes of sound source in the horizontal azimuth can induce mismatch negativity (MMN) ,and quantify the minimal audible angle which could elicit the MMN and to find effec‐tive way to test human's ability of sound localization in the horizontal plane .Methods With the self developed sound localization device and Bio - logic auditory evoked potentiometer ,in the free field hearing tests were performed on 30 healthy young volunteers according to oddball stimulation sequence .We adopted 1 000 Hz pure tone as the stand‐ard stimuli , the change of sound source location as experimental models ,using minimum audible angle (MAA ) measure procedure ,sound localization test was conducted at 0° ,± 45° ,± 90°standard positions in the horizontal plane .MMN was obtained by subtracting the ERP of deviant stimuli from the ERP of standard stimuli .The latency and amplitude of each MMN were recorded .Results The MMAs of normal young people were recorded and normal values of latency and amplitude of MMN were obtained .The results of the sound localization test for the youth were :MAA(0°)= 2 .09 ± 1 .81° ,MAA( - 45°)= 3 .84 ± 1 .61° ,MAA (45°) = 3 .69 ± 2 .39° ,MAA ( - 90°) = 4 .41 ± 1 . 41° ,MAA(90°)= 4 .23 ± 3 .22° ,separately .There was a significant effect of the location of the deviant stimulus , with those presented at 90° eliciting larger peaks and longer latency period than those presented at 0° .Conclusion Our findings suggest that changes of sound position in the horizontal azimuth can induce mismatch negative waves , and MMN on the basis of MAA test procedure could be used to evaluate the ability of sound localization .
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The datas of epidemiological, clinical, and immunopathology demonstrate there is an important link between upper and lower airways. The upper airways diseases including the allergy rhinitis, the professional rhinitis, the sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndrome, nose polyposis (with/without aspirin sensitive), the chronic rhinosinusitis and so on, have an important contacting with lower airways diseases. Understanding how the upper airway does affect the lower airway disease, has the influential role to diagnosis, the treatment and the prognosis. This article made the brief summary on the important relation about among the nose, the paranasal sinus and the lung recent years.
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Humanos , Asma , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas , Rinitis , SinusitisRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the correlation between the degree of pathogenetic condition and cogni-tive impairment in young OSAHS patients. Methods Sixty-three patients (18～44 years old) were divided into 3 groups according to the assessment criteria regarding the degrees of pathogenetic conditions of hypoxemia and its persistence time: mild group(the lowest SaO2 ≥ 85 %, n = 20 ), moderate group (the lowest SaO2 : 65 ～ 84 %, n =24), and severe group (the lowest SAO2<65%, n= 19). Twenty-five healthy young adults were selected as the control group. All the subjects were tested with event-related potential, namely P300, the polysomnogram and the mini-mental state examination scale(MMSE). Results P300 latency in patients of three OSAHS groups was sig-nificantly prolonged as 326.1±12.7, 346.9±19.1, and 34.9±18.3 ms, as compared with those of control group: 311.9±18.3 ms (P< 0.05, respectively). In severe group, P300 latency was markedly increased compared with mild and moderate groups(P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). No obvious differences were observed between mild and moderate groups(P=0. 095). The difference of hypoxemia lasting time could influence the P300 latency, such as when the hypoxemia lasting time was 4～60 seconds, the latency was 338. 12±13.7 ms, and when the hypoxemia lasting time increased to 60 ～ 140 s, the latency was prolonged to 354.74±16.7 ms(P = 0. 031 ). There was no difference among all groups in the P300 amplitudes. The MMSE scores for all patients were within normal limits andthere were differences between serve and control group(RA -RB=9. 91, P= 0. 003). Conclusion Among patients with OS-AHS, the impairment of cognitive function is con'anon. The degrees of pathogenetic conditions of hypoxemia and its lasting time may be used to evaluate the impairment degree of cognitive function in patients with OSAHS.
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OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the spontaneous otoacoustic emission(SOAE)and transient evoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAE)in neonate. METHODS The subjects were 224 ears of 112 newborns(59 females, 53 males). The age of subjects ranged from 2 to 4 days (mean?SD: 2.68?0.74 day years). SOAE and TEOAE were measured with ILO96. RESULTS The correlation between SOAE number and TEOAE level were found (r=0.43, P
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate facial nerve decompression for Bell’s paralysis. METHODS The reports of facial nerve decompression for Bell’s paralysis were searched in PubMed and CHKD(China hospital knowledge database). Then an include criteria was made, and all the cases included were analyzed all together. The efficiency of different kinds of decompressions and time was discussed, while the steroid therapy was used as the control. RESULTS Five articles were include after search, in these reports there were 147 patients treated by surgery and 105 patients by steroid. The general rate of complete facial nerve recovery by decompression was 57.10 %, and 48.90 % by steroid therapy. The rate of complete recovery of facial nerve was 90.70 % if all segment decompression was done within 14 days after facial nerve paralysis, and it will decrease to 25.00 % if the surgery was done during 15 to 30 days after facial nerve paralysis. If the decompression was done during 15-30 days after facial nerve paralysis, the general recovery rate of mastoid and horizontal segment decompression was 45.70 %, but the all segments decompression was 25.00%. CONCLUSION Facial nerve decompression should be done within 14 days after facial nerve paralysis, the surgery done after 14 days will not improve facial nerve recovery. Till now there are no evidence can prove that all segment decompression be better than mastoid and horizontal segment decompression for Bell's palsy.
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0.05). CONCLUSION The sound localization apparatus can test the localization ability of person, and it can be used in simply and reasonably.
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The paper introduced the structure of digital hearing aid in brief firstly, then analyzed and compared signal processing algorithms applied in digital hearing aid, serving respectively in multi-channel frequency compensation, noise reduction and acoustic feedback cancellation. Finally, several special signal processing techniques used in digital hearing aid were introduced.